Resumo
Este artigo analisa o papel em evolução dos pais no desenvolvimento da primeira infância sob a perspectiva dos direitos da criança. Ancorado na Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos da Criança (CRC)—em especial os Artigos 5, 18 e 27, que enfatizam o interesse superior da criança—o estudo desafia o estereótipo persistente dos pais como meros provedores financeiros. Utilizando uma abordagem analítico-normativa, o artigo revisa criticamente marcos jurídicos internacionais e literatura acadêmica para identificar barreiras socioculturais e institucionais ao envolvimento paterno, especialmente no Sul Global. Com foco na Indonésia—dada sua recente reforma legislativa e normas de gênero arraigadas—o estudo propõe uma reconceituação da paternidade em quatro dimensões essenciais: presença emocional, cuidado direto, diálogo respeitoso e coparentalidade cooperativa. Apresenta um conjunto de recomendações políticas e práticas baseadas em evidências, que posicionam os pais como parceiros ativos e iguais no cuidado e proteção de crianças pequenas. Ao oferecer um referencial normativo baseado em direitos, este estudo contribui para o debate global sobre parentalidade transformadora de gênero e reafirma o direito de toda criança a receber cuidados equilibrados e afetivos de ambos os pais. Esta contribuição conceitual conecta os domínios jurídico, cultural e político, promovendo uma visão de paternidade fundamentada em justiça, equidade e nos princípios da CRC.
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