Resumo
O meio ambiente está a emergir cada vez mais como uma componente crítica do desenvolvimento socioeconómico dos nigerianos médios, uma vez que tem sido valioso não só para as sociedades tradicionais pelas suas necessidades nutricionais e de saúde, mas também, crucial para a realização dos direitos fundamentais. Isto é mais pertinente na medida em que diz respeito aos habitantes da região do Delta do Níger da Nigéria, onde as actividades das empresas multinacionais petrolíferas tornaram a região sinónimo de poluição petrolífera, ambiente devastado e abusos dos direitos humanos. Sem surpresa, os tribunais nigerianos são cada vez mais chamados a pronunciar-se sobre questões relacionadas com a poluição e outros abusos ambientais por pessoas privadas e públicas dentro do sector petrolífero. Na maioria das vezes, as disputas ambientais são levadas ao tribunal na Nigéria como casos tortuosos que procuram uma indemnização por danos. Os recursos podem também ser pedidos ao abrigo de leis estatutárias ou como petições por escrito ao abrigo das regras fundamentais dos procedimentos de aplicação dos direitos humanos. Estas últimas implicam a provisão de um direito humano a um ambiente saudável ao abrigo das leis estatutárias, e se tal direito é reconhecido como vinculativo pelos tribunais na Nigéria. O presente documento explora como o ambientalismo pode ser desencadeado na Nigéria através do reconhecimento judicial do direito a um ambiente satisfatório. Reconhece que existem alguns esforços no sentido desse reconhecimento judicial do direito. Contudo, argumenta que para promover o ambientalismo na Nigéria, é necessário aprofundar o reconhecimento judicial do direito através de pronunciamentos detalhados sobre a justiciabilidade do direito.
Referências
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