Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (ISSN 2763-7123) is a scholarly online, open access, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, and fully refereed journal focusing on theories, methods and applications that can help our understanding about humanities and social sciences. From 2021 to 2022, Isagoge published eight issues a year. From 2023 on, it will publish only one issue per year (per volume), according to the adoption of an editorial policy compatible with the demands of the Qualis/CAPES. Isagoge is currently indexed in: LatIndex, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Diadorim, CiteFactor.
SCHOPENHAUER’S VOLUNTARISM AND EARLY BUDDHISM
This article examines the philosophical relation between Arthur Schopenhauer’s metaphysics of the will and early Buddhist teachings on taṇhā, dukkha, and nibbāna. It argues that both systems diagnose suffering as rooted in restless striving or craving and both associate liberation with the cessation of desire. Yet the article also shows that this similarity has clear limits. Schopenhauer presents the will as the thing in itself and as the inner essence of phenomenal reality, whereas early Buddhism treats craving as a conditioned phenomenon arising through ignorance, feeling, and dependent origination. This distinction has significant consequences for their accounts of liberation. The negation of the will to life in Schopenhauer remains metaphysically tense because the principle to be overcome is also the ultimate ground of appearance. Buddhist liberation, by contrast, follows from the cessation of the conditions that sustain craving. Using comparative hermeneutics, the article clarifies both convergence and divergence across metaphysics, anthropology, ethics, and soteriology. The article contributes to comparative philosophy by showing that Schopenhauer and early Buddhism converge in their existential diagnosis of suffering while diverging in their ontological account of its cause.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
UNDERSTANDING SAUDI MALE EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN UTILIZING CHATGPT FOR ENGLISH COURSE ASSIGNMENTS
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, particularly ChatGPT, has been used substantially in English language learning contexts. However, how Saudi undergraduate EFL students plan, monitor, and regulate their use of ChatGPT while completing English course assignments remains underexplored. The study used mixed-method study investigates EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness when using ChatGPT for English course assignments. The study focused on Saudi undergraduate EFL students enrolled in English courses that routinely require different types of academic assignments and projects, including essay writing, summarizing, presentations, and other coursework activities. The quantitative phase examined students’ responses to a scale designed to measure metacognitive awareness in relation to ChatGPT-assisted assignment completion, while also evaluating the validity of this scale. The qualitative phase, based on interview responses, offered deeper insight into how students described their thinking, decision-making, and self-regulation when working with ChatGPT. Overall, the study assumes that students’ metacognitive awareness of ChatGPT use was likely to vary considerably. Some learners used the tool passively by accepting or copying its outputs with limited reflection, whereas others approached it more strategically as a support tool for understanding, planning, drafting, editing, and evaluating their assignments.
EXAMINING THE SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SOME DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
The aim of this study is to determine the social appearance anxiety levels of university students and to examine how these levels differ with respect to demographic variables such as gender, age, faculty, grade level, and active sports participation. A descriptive survey model was employed in the research. The sample consisted of 621 students enrolled at Erciyes University, selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a "Personal Information Form" and the "Social Appearance Anxiety Scale," developed by Hart et al. (2008) and adapted into Turkish by Doğan in 2010. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Independent samples t-tests were applied for comparisons between two groups, while one-way analysis of variance (LSD post-hoc test) was used for comparisons involving three or more groups. The most notable finding of the study is that individuals who engage in sports reported significantly lower levels of social appearance anxiety compared to those who do not. These findings suggest that social appearance anxiety is a multi-layered construct shaped by the interplay of biological, sociocultural, and behavioral factors, and indicate that sports should be regarded not only as a physical activity but also as a psychological protective factor.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN BOTSWANA AND MAURITIUS
The COVID-19 pandemic caused globally disruptions, greatly impacting higher education students through lockdowns and the transition to online learning. This study analyzed the impact that COVID-19 has had on mental health status (anxiety and perceived stress), changes in teaching and academic performance, individual experiences and coping strategies; as well as students’ views on the support measures introduced since the beginning of the pandemic in Botswana and Mauritius. Quantitative data were collected through an online survey administered to students in both countries, with statistical analysis conducted to examine differences by gender and academic level. The findings revealed that female students reported significantly higher anxiety and stress levels compared to their male counterparts. Similarly, undergraduate students experienced higher levels of anxiety and stress than postgraduate students. Policymakers and higher education institutions can use these insights to develop targeted support strategies for students as part of their preparedness plans for future crises.
This article aims to examine judges’ considerations on marriage dispensation cases, whether using human rights values and norms or local norms. The article discusses challenges posed to implementing human rights values and norms, including child rights in such instances, especially in the Central Java Religious Court. Supporting data consists mostly of court decisions and interviews with judges at three Islamic courts in Central Java. The research reveals that most of the judges’ legal considerations in granting marriage dispensation apply the foundation of the local norms (Adat/customary law), Islamic Law, and national legislation related to marriage, but lacks reference to human rights norms.
Our debate pervades the concept of state, according to the German author G.W.F. Hegel, as we move through the crisis of philosophy in modernity, caused by empiricist and rationalist currents. Hegel’s conception of state, moving away from a platonic idealism or the instrumental character of Aristotle, gains a comprehensive perspective by encompassing several gears that culminate in freedom. In our work, we seek a systematic exposition of what the author understood by state, in which freedom correlates and becomes an inevitable consequence of eticity. For this, we used a literature review that covers the main concepts of the German author, outlining ways that make it possible to consult literatures that discuss the topic. Likewise, the purpose of the opúsculo falls in understanding the state as an instrument that protects and enables the integral development of man, as one of the culminating factors of Hegel’s political philosophy. Observing the state as an ethical effectuation in individuals, in Hegel we find that Hegelian thought seems to depict not only the modern state but also the contemporary one.
DIGITAL LITERACY AS A MEDIATOR OF THE EFFECT OF THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
This study aims to examine the role of digital literacy as a mediator in the relationship between the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, learning motivation, and student academic achievement. This study develops a structural model to explain how curriculum reform improves achievement by strengthening digital competencies. A survey method was used with purposive sampling of 124 seventh and eighth-grade students at a public junior high school in Indonesia. Data were collected using a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results indicate that implementing the Independent Curriculum has a positive and significant effect on digital literacy and academic achievement. Furthermore, digital literacy was shown to mediate the relationship between the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and learning motivation, and indirectly contributed to improved academic achievement. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening digital literacy.
Vietnam’s economy has grown strongly over the past decades, while environmental pollution has increased at the same time. This situation makes sustainable human development an important concern for the country. The study examines the relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, foreign direct investment, and the Human Development Index (HDI) over the period 1990–2023. The data come from the World Bank and UNDP, and the ARDL model is applied in the analysis. The cointegration test confirms a long-run relationship among the variables. Economic growth, measured by GDP, has a positive effect on the Human Development Index. However, GDP squared has a negative coefficient. This shows that when income becomes higher, its positive contribution to welfare becomes smaller. Carbon dioxide emissions lower human development in the long run, while foreign direct investment does not have a statistically significant effect. These findings mean that Vietnam should improve the quality of economic growth, control emissions more effectively, and select investment projects more carefully to achieve sustainable development.
EXPLORING TEACHER AND LEARNER PERCEPTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CHATBOTS FOR ENGLISH CONVERSATION PRACTICE
With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education, chatbots are gaining attention for their potential to support English conversation practice in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. In this study, I investigated the perceptions of Saudi university students and EFL teachers regarding the use of AI chatbots for enhancing speaking skills. I adopted a convergent mixed-methods design involving 226 learners and 62 teachers from Saudi higher education institutions. I collected data using two adapted and structured questionnaires, which consisted of demographic questions, Likert-scale items across five dimensions (motivation, fluency, confidence, helpfulness, and risk), and three open-ended questions per group. I analyzed the quantitative data using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests and the qualitative data thematically. Findings indicate that learners view chatbots as helpful, motivating tools that enhance their confidence and speaking fluency. Teachers, however, expressed greater concerns regarding misinformation, pedagogical control, and student overreliance on technology. I found no significant relationship between teaching experience and risk perception, highlighting that skepticism may stem from broader institutional or pedagogical concerns rather than experience alone. This study highlights the need for balanced AI integration that supports learner autonomy while addressing teacher apprehensions. It contributes to the literature on AI-enhanced language learning by providing practical recommendations for EFL educators and policy stakeholders in underexplored regional contexts.
The recurrent transformation we are currently witnessing leads to the need for constant modernization. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, the Public Administration is forced to act quickly in the most diverse areas to be able to give citizens the conditions to continue their activities. To this end, a study was promoted that aims to analyze the performance of Portuguese agencies, through comparative studies with other countries that faced similar conditions in pandemic times. The study will be quite relevant in that it can serve as a source of collection of best practices to be implemented. It is concluded that the unique conditions that were experienced make it difficult to assess, in a sequential way, which is the best way to act, however no application seems to be useful in fighting the pandemic.
REDEFINED MORAL INTUITIONS AND PRINCIPLES
The moral gap of the LGBTQIA+ community can be possibly resolved by redefining moral intuitions as a priori, a formal device devoid of content. This redefinition criticizes the classical thesis of objectivity that moral facts and moral knowledge are eternally valid for all humanity. This line of reasoning is absurd; hence, facts and information are revealed gradually and vary from period to period according to some emergency. Moreover, the claim to objectivity is problematic with the recent moral issues, like the LGBTQIA+ community. The principle is incompatible because of its established truth, where the LGBTQIA+ community is excluded. In addressing the gap, this paper proposed that: Firstly, moral intuitions such as good, right, better, ought, and their opposites should be taken as formal device, hence a priori. From these moral intuitions a moral principle can be generated where objectivity is a product of careful reflection and deliberation of rational person. This contrast with the classical thesis of objectivity that moral principles has eternal validity for all humanity. Secondly, in application, the paper argues that the LGBTQIA+ community can be a content of moral intuitions, hence of moral principle supported by the availability of facts and information of the period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
In Polish law, family members may in certain cases bear and do bear legal responsibility for their relative. First of all, parents have a legal obligation to raise and support their minor children. It is also worth mentioning that when analysing who can be the guardian of an incapacitated person, courts take into account primarily the relatives of such a person. There is an obligation to pay maintenance, which may be imposed on various people in the family, e.g. an adult, independent child towards his parent who requires financial assistance in old age. Other cases of legal responsibility of the family are limited to property responsibility, i.e. they concern the debts of a relative. Heirs who acquire an inheritance may also take over the debts of the deceased. In addition, family responsibility may also occur during the debtor's lifetime. Enforcement of obligations often also covers the joint property of the debtor and his spouse. Co-ownership of the property of spouses is the basic property regime in Polish law. In certain cases defined by law, family members may be required to pay tax arrears on behalf of a taxpayer who is their relative and no longer has any assets. It is similar in fiscal criminal law (this is the so-called subsidiary liability). In Poland, there is no legal liability of the family for crimes or torts committed by their relative. Nevertheless, one can observe the tendency of some in society to attribute moral responsibility for prohibited acts. Some people make claims, without any evidence, that the closest relatives of a criminal always have the same character and are prone to such acts. This approach is officially wrong. Nevertheless, some people even in public officially express such views.
THE IMPACT OF GAME-BASED LEARNING TOOLS ON VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND MOTIVATION IN UNDERGRADUATE EFL CLASSROOMS
This study investigates Saudi undergraduate EFL learners’ perceptions of gamified vocabulary learning tools—specifically Kahoot, Quizizz, and Duolingo—in the context of vocabulary retention, learner motivation, and platform usability. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory and the Broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions, the study explores how gamification influences learners’ affective engagement and lexical development. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was employed, using a structured Google Form questionnaire comprising 10 close-ended items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 120 Saudi university students participated in the study. Descriptive statistics—means, standard deviations, and percentages—were used to analyze learner responses across three domains: vocabulary retention, motivation, and platform usability. Further, the findings indicate that gamified platforms were positively perceived, with motivation emerging as the most influential factor (M = 4.16), followed by vocabulary retention (M = 3.90), and usability (M = 3.84). Learners reported that game-based elements such as competition, rewards, and instant feedback enhanced their engagement and recall of new vocabulary. Among the platforms, Duolingo was rated most user-friendly for independent learning, while Kahoot and Quizizz were preferred for classroom activities. Despite minor concerns about competition-induced distraction, the overall learner sentiment was highly favourable. These results suggest that gamified tools offer meaningful pedagogical benefits for vocabulary learning in Saudi EFL classrooms. Integrating such platforms into the curriculum may enhance learner engagement, motivation, and retention while aligning with contemporary digital learning preferences.
AI-ASSISTED TRANSLANGUAGING IN EMI CLASSROOMS: INSIGHTS FROM SAUDI EFL LEARNERS
This study investigates Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of AI-assisted translanguaging as a pedagogical strategy in English Medium Instruction (EMI) classrooms. Drawing on a structured Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 122 undergraduate EFL students, the research explores how AI tools mediate comprehension, reduce anxiety, and enhance participation in EMI contexts. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that learners generally held positive attitudes toward AI-mediated translanguaging, with high levels of agreement regarding its role in improving comprehension, confidence, vocabulary retention, and active engagement with course materials. While students acknowledged challenges such as continued dependence on teachers and difficulties in processing fast-paced English input, they also emphasized the motivational benefits of AI tools in extending learning beyond classroom boundaries. The findings underscore the pedagogical potential of AI-assisted translanguaging for creating inclusive, supportive, and effective EMI environments, offering implications for curriculum design, teacher training, and policy development in Saudi higher education.
Metazoë has been described in the past as a theoretical approach to the concept of human continuity in technology, the environment, and culture (Oikonomou, 2025), but this article approaches Metazoë from a completely different perspective. Rather than developing its systemic framework, this research treats trans-humanism as more than just an approach to human continuity. The article moves away from technical discussions about digital immortality and explores the phenomenology of continuity through a dialogue with Rilke's Duino Elegies, Pindar's "epinicians," and Levinas's concept of moral sensitivity. Such an exercise allows us to hypothesize that the re-evaluation of the biological opposition between life and death has little to do with technological power but is rather an integral part of the history of human thought itself. In this discussion, the afterlife is considered an aesthetic or lived phenomenon that neither denies nor transcends the biological limits of life but inhabits them attentively through words, memory, or presence. Finally, the article concludes that understanding the afterlife from a phenomenological or poetic perspective reveals that the phenomenon of death is in fact the horizon that silently defines life itself.
This article examines Hikayat Perang Sabil as a medium of Islamic communication, focusing on the implementation of Islamic communication ethics within the socio-cultural context of Acehnese society. The hikayat functions not only as a war literary work but also as a means of da‘wah that conveys religious, moral, and spiritual values. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using textual analysis and field research methods. Data were collected through a literature review of Hikayat Perang Sabil manuscripts and in-depth interviews with Acehnese religious scholars, academics, and traditional leaders. The findings reveal that Hikayat Perang Sabil contains elements of Islamic communication ethics derived from the Qur’an and Hadith, with tawhid as its fundamental foundation. These elements include truthfulness, mau‘izah hasanah, obligation, humility, courage, sacrifice, prayer, and remembrance of God. The implementation of these ethical values remains relevant and can be observed in various aspects of Acehnese social life, particularly in education, literary arts, and religious practices. This study highlights the significance of Hikayat Perang Sabil in contributing to the development of Islamic communication studies based on local culture and to the preservation of Aceh’s intellectual heritage.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEISURE AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG WORKING WOMEN
Today, women play active roles in professional and social life, contributing significantly to the development of societies. However, working women must cope with various factors such as heavy workloads, household and family responsibilities, social life, and health issues. In this process, participation in leisure activities adds meaning and balance to their lives and plays an important role in improving their quality of life. In this study, 61 articles published between 2020 and 2024 in the Web of Science (WOS) database that included the concepts of working women, leisure or quality of life were examined through the document analysis method. Accordingly, the aim of the research is to review studies published in the WOS database in the last five years within the context of working women, leisure and quality of life. The findings indicate an increase in publications on this topic in recent years; most studies were conducted in India and within the field of Public Health, and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health was identified as the journal with the highest number of publications. Most of the studies were indexed in SCIE journals and published in journals with a moderate impact factor. The majority of the studies were quantitative in nature and mainly used questionnaires as data collection tools. As a result, it was determined that working women have difficulties in planning their leisure due to job and household responsibilities, which negatively affects their quality of life, whereas participation in leisure activities has positive effects on health, stress management, and overall life quality. In this regard, it is recommended to strengthen spousal support and develop positive employer policies to enhance leisure participation and improve the quality of life among working women.
ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SHAN TUYET TEA PRODUCTION AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN YEN BINH COMMUNE, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Shan Tuyet tea is an important crop in Yen Binh Commune, Thai Nguyen Province (formerly Yen Cu Commune, Cho Moi District, Bac Kan Province). It plays a key role in helping local people increase their income. However, tea production still faces several challenges, such as low yield, small farming scale, limited use of machinery, and unstable markets. This study surveyed 45 farming households in two villages, dividing them into three groups by production scale (small, medium, and large). The research applied descriptive and comparative statistics, annual cost-benefit accounting, and multiple regression analysis. Results show that tea production has improved thanks to government support and the development of cooperatives. Still, there are clear differences between household groups. Larger-scale households achieved better yields and higher economic results because they had more land, invested more labor, and worked closely with cooperatives. The regression model found three factors that clearly increased tea yield: joining a cooperative, having more land, and using more labor. In contrast, education level and farming experience did not show significant effects. Based on the findings, the study proposes four main solutions to improve tea production: invest in equipment suitable for each group; enhance technical training and support; strengthen links between producers and buyers; and expand the market for Shan Tuyet tea in Yen Binh.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IMPLEMENTATION AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA
Sustainable Development Goals is an off-shoot of Millennium Development Goals after the life span of the latter terminated in 2015. This paper argue that administrators at the local level are instrumental to the successful implementation of the agenda. There exists substantial evidences that suggests that, in spite of the claims by state officials to the contrary, the pace of achievement of SDG goals, after almost a decade of its launch remains abysmally low. This study, therefore, assessed the involvement of local administrators in the SDG implementation framework. The study adopts a explanatory design and qualitative method of data collection and analysis were adopted. The paper found, against speculations, that the local administrators had in-depth knowledge about SDGs agenda and they were instrumental to its implementation. The paper recommends a bottom up strategy that will start with localising SDG from the third tier level of governance and implementing same therefrom using trained administrators as key role players.
A ONLINE LABORATORY FOR EXCHANGE EXEMPLARY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MEANS
In recent years, unprecedented global changes have occurred in the digital and traditional worlds, associated with a significant acceleration of the impact of digital transformations and artificial intelligence means as one of the main factors of evolutionary and revolutionary engines of modern civilization, which provides unprecedented opportunities, problems and challenges for everyone. One of the ways, methods, and means of promoting sustainable development of individuals is our Online Laboratory for the exchange of exemplary digital transformations and artificial intelligence means. The best strategy, long-term plan is the balanced implementation of personally-centric projects with the support of a powerful ecosystem and scientific and educational infrastructure of online management systems, online laboratories with online schools,master classes and smart simulators of environments, situations, scenarios, procedures.
Between 2010 and 2025, Türkiye has positioned itself as a significant actor in regional and global politics. Key events such as the Gezi Park protests, the Syrian Civil War, the July 15 coup attempt, and transformations in foreign policy strategies have been pivotal in shaping Türkiye’s international image. This study aims to examine how international media represents Türkiye’s domestic and foreign policy developments and how these representations influence global perceptions. Drawing on Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power, Türkiye’s diplomatic initiatives, cultural projects, and crisis management strategies are evaluated as critical factors in the formation of its international image. Media framing and agenda-setting theories provide a foundational analytical framework for understanding the media’s role in this process. The research analyzes news coverage from leading English-, French-, and German-language media outlets through content analysis and framing analysis to explore the dominant themes shaping Türkiye’s international image, the evolution of this image over the 2010–2025 period, and whether regional differences exist among media outlets in different geographies. The study’s primary limitations include its reliance on digital and accessible sources for data collection and potential losses of cultural/linguistic nuances during translation. Nevertheless, through a longitudinal and comparative approach, this study aims to make an original and comprehensive contribution to the literature on Türkiye’s international image.
DETERMINANTS OF MILLENNIALS AND GENERATION Z IN ADOPTING FAMILY TAKAFUL
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Millennials' and Generation Z’s intention to adopt family Takaful in Indonesia. Using a purposive sampling technique, data were collected through a questionnaire covering attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, religiosity, and digitalization. A total of 256 responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with a partial least squares (PLS) approach to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that attitude, perceived behavioral control, religiosity, and digitalization positively and significantly influenced the intention to adopt family Takaful. However, subjective norms showed no significant effect. Attitude and digitalization emerged as the most dominant factors. Moreover, the influence of religiosity on adoption intention is stronger among women than men, while attitude is the most influential factor overall. The findings of this study suggest that increasing awareness and understanding of family Takaful among Millennials and Generation Z is crucial. Therefore, a robust and continuous literacy and education program should be implemented. The family Takaful industry must undergo a digital transformation to effectively cater to Millennials and Generation Z, and religious approaches can be leveraged to attract female customers. This study identifies the key drivers of Millennials' and Generation Z's adoption of family Takaful, highlighting the dominant roles of attitude and digitalization. This study provides valuable insights for industry stakeholders to strategically target these segments and enhance adoption rates through education and digital innovation.
ENHANCING STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN MOROCCO
This article explores the development and application of composite indexes as tools for simplifying and synthesizing complex institutional data within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). By condensing multiple performance, growth, and success indicators into structured indexes, the approach enhances the interpretability of multidimensional datasets. These indexes are then integrated with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to identify institutional patterns and classify institutions into distinct strategic categories. The study highlights how this combination not only strengthens the predictive capacity of machine learning models but also provides clearer insights for top management. Ultimately, the integration of composite indexes with SVM models demonstrates a significant potential to support evidence-based strategic decision-making, offering HEIs a robust analytical framework for aligning institutional performance with long-term development objectives.
THE REFLECTIONS OF INTERFAMILY RELIGIOUS BELIEFS CONFLICTS ON ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
This article examines the reflections of religious belief differences between families on romantic relations from a sociological and psychological perspective. The literature shows that religious belief plays a central role in the value system of individuals, and that belief -based expectations among families are often decisive in the choice of partner. Especially in families with different religious or sectarian backgrounds, the romantic relations of couples are shaped by social norms, cultural values ​​and family pressures. The study is based on systematic examination of the relevant literature as a method. Research in the field of psychology may cause religious incompatibilities in individuals may cause anxiety, identity complexity and attachment problems; The sociology literature reveals that these differences affect not only individuals but also the family institution and social structure. The findings point to the points in which the literature is common: Religious belief differences lead to damage to conflict, communication problems and a sense of belonging in romantic relationships. However, some research also shows that if couples develop flexible religious attitudes, relationships can be more harmonious. As a result, religious belief differences affect not only individual psychological experiences but also social adaptation processes in modern societies. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the sociological and psychological dimensions of religious belief differences together in understanding the dynamics of domestic and romantic relationships.
IT POSSIBLE TO DECLARE A QUALIFIED PARDON UNFOUNDED?
In this research we analyze the legal basis for the issuance of qualified pardons. The problem of the research is focused on the issuance of pardons in cases where the accused have a previous criminal record in their extract of filiation. For this purpose, we will proceed according to the following objectives. First, we will study the requirements of the pardon in the Chilean criminal system. Then, in the second section of this work, we will present the dogmatic foundations of pardon according to political parameters in qualified cases. In the third and fourth sections, we will focus on identifying the different alternatives to motivate a pardon decision. Finally, we will examine the use of principles in its dictation. The expected results are to provide a strategy of rational argumentation in the dictation of qualified pardons that does not jeopardize the security of citizens, and the conclusion is that it is possible to use more than one principle in the dictation of pardons, such as the principles of security and human dignity.
CONSTRUCTING ACADEMIC AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCES THROUGH LANGUAGE
This study explored the construction of academic identity among PhD students through a transitivity analysis of spontaneous spoken narratives posted on YouTube. Language is a fundamental and dynamic resource through which individuals express their experiences, articulate their emotions, and, crucially, construct their evolving identities. While prior research has largely focused on exploring the experiences of students in academic writing, this study addressed the underexplored domain of spoken self-representations. Employing a qualitative approach grounded in Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, particularly the transitivity system, the study analyzed a corpus of 10,258 words drawn from four PhD student narratives. Manual clause segmentation and process-type annotation were employed to ensure analytical precision. The study contributes to a more thorough understanding of how academic identity is dynamically performed, challenged, and reshaped through everyday language use. The findings revealed that Material processes dominate the narratives, highlighting students’ emphasis on action, achievement, and academic engagement. Relational and Mental processes also featured prominently, reflecting self-definition, internal reflection, and emotional negotiation. Verbal, Existential, and Behavioral processes, though less frequent, contribute to expressions of resilience and evolving agency. The study highlights the dynamic interplay between action, emotion, and reflection in academic identity development, advocating for greater recognition of spoken narratives as a critical source of data for understanding the doctoral experience.
This research provides a methodological and theoretical analysis of the structural barriers to Bangladesh’s criminal justice system, describing it as a culturally embedded scholarly problem influenced by colonial histories, procedural injustice, and institutional human rights violations. The study critically investigates how justice is undermined on an ongoing basis in contravention of constitutional safeguards and international human rights responsibilities. It proposes a progressive, rights-based criminal justice paradigm for Bangladesh, combining restorative justice philosophy with democratic law change. This work contributes to a paradigm shift toward inclusive justice rather than retributive justice by encouraging an inventive confluence of legal theory and reform practice. The research, which focuses on national shortfalls but is guided by international human rights standards, provides a widely repeatable method for assessing legal change in the context of justice and human rights. The findings are particularly valuable for academics, politicians, and practitioners working to establish of decolonized and transitional justice frameworks.
ENHANCING LEARNER AGENCY THROUGH SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
In the current context of higher education reform, fostering learner agency plays a pivotal role in developing a workforce equipped with independent thinking, creativity, and adaptability to the challenges of a knowledge-based society. This article focuses on analyzing the relationship between self-directed learning (SDL) and the development of learner agency among students at Tay Nguyen University (TNU) - a regional institution with a high proportion of ethnic minority students. This study draws on established theoretical foundations and empirical data from a stratified sample of 397 students across disciplines, supplemented by 12 semi-structured interviews, to examine how SDL contributes to the development of learner agency at TNU. It thereby underscores the essential role of SDL in cultivating core attributes of learner agency, such as autonomy, reflexivity, and a sense of social responsibility. The research findings contribute to proposing practical educational directions that are responsive to the distinctive needs of regional universities and aligned with the broader goal of fostering holistic human development.
Pamanese is a rich Kapampangan word that on one hand could be translated to “Cook Rice”. On the other hand, as in a deeper sense, it refers to one of the said ethnic group virtues which could be loosely translated to English as “give care” and “nurturing”. The “pamanase” manifests through various kapampangan’s daily life habits such as through family traditions in cooking, cultural values which reflects to as of their cultural identity. Pamanese as showing care towards the “other” adheres to the ethics of care which centers on a belief system that “to give care” is the heart of morality. As Nel Noodings argue, it anchors to the attributes of “being” a woman. This study parallelled Kapampangan’s Pamanese to ethics of care. The researchers explored Kapampangan women’s way of giving care to their social dimension. It was made possible through semi-structured questionnaire that focuses on their cultural practices in giving assistance in their social dimensions as a woman. We explored (I) Kapampangan women’s concept of pamanese. In this sense, we unveiled the limitation and identity of the word “pamanese” (II) Kapampangan women’s actual way of doing pamanese to their social dimension (III) How doing pamanese affects their well-being. The paper used a qualitative approach that gathered quality and detailed data on experiences and concepts from the respondents. Purposive and Snowball sampling were both utilized as we collected data. Thematic analysis that is deductive in nature was utilized in the process of analyzing the data provided by the respondents. This paper used ethics of care as a theoretical framework that leads to establish a philosophical discourse regarding Kapampangan women’s pamanese. The study made a discourse that “pamanese” through its cultural forms is a Kapampangan women’s morality.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has currently transformed learning and teaching methods in educational institutions at all levels, which, from a humanistic approach, has implied finding a balance between technology and the ethical development of students. The objective of the study was to explore the ethical and educational perspectives related to the use of artificial intelligence tools in students of the Faculty of Engineering of the UAEMex, highlighting its impact on the formation of values, through a mixed research with a descriptive-exploratory approach. The methodology included data collection through a survey, followed by a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results evidenced a generalized use (94%) of these tools, highlighting their importance to personalize learning and optimize time, while raising ethical concerns about their responsible use, highlighting their potential to strengthen student autonomy and critical learning. Suggestions advocate ethical and technical training to integrate technology with human values. The conclusions underlined the importance of the teacher as an irreplaceable guide in academic training, promoting inclusion, critical thinking and ethical use of AI.