HOW HANNAH ARENDT EXPLAINS THE ANTI-SEMITISM OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NAZIST REGIME AND ITS INSTRUMENTS OF DOMINATION: A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE “ORIGINS OF TOTALITARISM” BASED ON BENHABIB, HABERMAS AND RICOEUR

Abstract

Considering the current importance of the work “Origins of Totalitarianism”, this essay proposes to expose the arguments used by Hannah Arendt to explain the European anti-Semitism of the 20th century, the emergence of the Nazi regime and its establishment, from the political framework of the fall of imperialism, the establishment of nation-states after World War I, the consequences of treatment given to minorities in the interwar context, which culminated in the progressive exclusion of European Jews from the political and cultural scene. Still, it seeks to bring some important points that Arendt addresses as characteristics of the Nazi regime, which singles it out in history as an unprecedented experience. To do so, it starts with an analysis of the work under discussion, as well as reflections launched by other theorists in the field of sociology and philosophy, concerned with understanding issues related to human rights, the consequences of the Holocaust and the inclusion and recognition of minorities. , like the German sociologist, Jürgen Habermas, and the French philosopher, Paul Ricoeur and the philosopher Seyla Benhabib.